APA Style -Using Transitional Expression

Use transitional expression to assist with the introduction to in-text citations.  

LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP	TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSION
Similarity	also, in the same way, just as … so too, likewise, similarly
Exception/Contrast	but, however, in spite of, on the one hand … on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet
Sequence/Order	first, second, third, … next, then, finally
Time	after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then
Example	for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate
Emphasis	even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly
Place/Position	above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there
Cause and Effect	accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus
Additional Support or Evidence	additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then
Conclusion/Summary	finally, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary

What you are citing	In-Text Citation	Paraphrased & Transitional Expression
The entire work	(Smith, 2004)	However, Smith (2004), brings forth the ideal --------.
A specific page	(Smith, 2004, p. 39)	In contradiction, Smith (2004) see the G.A.P. as …………….. (p. 23).
If the author’s name is included in the text of the sentence where   the citation takes place	Smith (2004, p. 39) claims that …….	Smith (2004) claims that …………. (p. 44).
An online article with no numbers	(Myers, 2000, para. 5) (Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1).	Indeed Myers (2000) lays claim to the belief that ……….. (para. 3).
Citing multiple authors – Reference List	Citing Multiple Authors In-Text Citations	Paraphrased & Transitional Expression
Courtois, C. A. (2004).	(Courtois, 2004)	However, Courtois (2004), brings forth the ideal --------.
Kelley, P. C., & Chang, P. L. (2007).	Kelley and Chang, 2007) (do not use the ampersand in an in-text citation)	In contradiction, Smith (2004) see the G.A.P. as …………….. (p. 23).
Phelps, B. R., Lima, M., Gomez, J., MacArthur, R. T., Gansu, L., & Nehru, M. (2004)	First Citation: (Phelps, B. R., Lima, M., Gomez, J., MacArthur, R. T., Gansu, L., & Nehru, M., 2004, p. 23) Subsequent Citations: (Phelps et al., 2004, p. 26)	Finally, Phelps et al. (2004) that ……………….(p. 26). Finally, Phelps states that …………..(2004, p. 26, para. 2).
American Dietetic Association. (1999).	First Citation: (American Dietetic Association (ADA), 1999). Subsequent citations: (ADA, 1999).	(“None to Claim Their Bones,” 1888).